The most common nutritional deficiencies in dogs can vary based on diet, age, health status, and lifestyle

The most common nutritional deficiencies in dogs can vary based on diet, age, health status, and lifestyle. Here are some of the most frequently observed deficiencies:

1. **Protein**: Essential for muscle development, immune function, and overall health. Low protein intake can lead to muscle wasting and a weakened immune system.

2. **Omega-3 Fatty Acids**: Important for skin health, coat condition, and reducing inflammation. A deficiency can lead to dry skin, dull fur, and issues like allergies.

3. **Vitamins (especially B vitamins)**: B vitamins are crucial for energy production, metabolism, and maintaining a healthy nervous system. Deficiencies can cause lethargy, poor appetite, and neurological issues.

4. **Calcium and Phosphorus**: Essential for bone health. An imbalance or deficiency can lead to skeletal problems, especially in growing puppies.

5. **Iron**: Necessary for the production of hemoglobin in red blood cells. A deficiency can lead to anemia, resulting in fatigue and weakness.

6. **Zinc**: Important for immune function, skin health, and wound healing. A deficiency can cause skin lesions, hair loss, and an increased susceptibility to infections.

7. **Fiber**: While not a vitamin or mineral, inadequate fiber can lead to digestive issues, such as constipation or diarrhea.

8. **Antioxidants (like Vitamin E and Selenium)**: These help combat oxidative stress and support immune health. Deficiencies can lead to weakened immunity and increased risk of chronic diseases.